15 results
Crop Response and Weed Control from New Herbicide Combinations in Water-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa)
- James E. Hill, Stacey R. Roberts, D. E. Bayer, J. F. Williams
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 4 / Issue 4 / December 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 838-842
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In five field experiments from 1986 to 1988, herbicides were evaluated alone and in combinations for weed control in water-seeded rice. Combinations of bensulfuron with either molinate or thiobencarb applied into the paddy water at the 2-leaf stage of rice, controlled all broadleaf and sedge weeds, and 92% or more early watergrass. These combinations were equivalent to a commercial standard of molinate at the 2-leaf stage followed by a separate application of bentazon to the drained paddy at midtillering.
X-ray Fluorescence Analysis in Weed Science
- R. H. Falk, F. D. Hess, D. E. Bayer
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 23 / Issue 5 / September 1975
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 373-377
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X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) is a new method for the spatial localization and quantification of herbicide residue on leaf surfaces. The distribution pattern of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) on the surface of prune (Prunus domestica L.) leaves sprayed to simulate drift is easily mapped using XFA. Residue distribution maps may be electronically enhanced. Enhancement does not qualitatively change the information content of the map when done with discretion.
Herbicide Dispersal Patterns: II. Mapping Residues Using X-ray Fluorescence
- F. D. Hess, R. H. Falk, D. E. Bayer
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 23 / Issue 4 / July 1975
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 308-314
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Distribution patterns of foliar applied herbicides can be studied by x-ray element mapping provided the herbicide contains an atom with an atomic number of 11 (sodium) or greater. The suitability of an herbicide for element mapping increases as the number of similar detectable atoms per molecule increases. Herbicides containing one detectable atom per molecule provide usable element maps at concentrations of 1.12 kg/ha and higher. Inaccurate element maps can result from: (1) Formulation components containing detectable atoms the same as those of the active ingredient. (2) Herbicide volatility during analysis due to reduced pressures and heating. (3) Specimen topography preventing x-ray detection at some locations on the plant surface. (4) Herbicide concentrations that are below the minimum detectable limit. If adequate precautions are followed in the use of x-ray element mapping, a wide range of uses exist in weed science.
Herbicide Dispersal Patterns: I. As a Function of Leaf Surface
- F. D. Hess, D. E. Bayer, R. H. Falk
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 22 / Issue 4 / July 1974
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 394-401
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The distribution pattern of MCPA ([(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid) on leaf surfaces of three species was studied using the cathodoluminescence detection mode of a scanning electron microscope. On low-wax-content sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves MCPA concentrated in the depressions over the anticlinal cell walls when applied at high volumes (748 and 374 L/ha). At low volumes (23 L/ha), numerous small deposits of MCPA were randomly distributed over both anticlinal and periclinal walls. These distinct patterns were independent of herbicide concentration. Regardless of spray volumes, MCPA remaining on the waxy leaf surfaces of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) coalesced into small thick deposits. Large spray drops from high application volumes shattered on impact with the stellate hairs of turkey mullein (Eremocarpus setigerus Benth.) resulting in some MCPA reaching the leaf surface. Spray drops from low application volumes did not shatter but lodged on the hairs with very little reaching the leaf surface.
Herbicide Dispersal Patterns: HI. as a Function of Formulation
- F. D. Hess, D. E. Bayer, R. H. Falk
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / March 1981
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 June 2017, pp. 224-229
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The distribution patterns of several herbicide formulations sprayed on adaxial leaf surfaces were determined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with cathodoluminescence and x-ray microanalysis. The sodium and amine salts of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy] acetic acid} sprayed on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves appeared as discrete deposits above the anticlinal cell walls that represented the location of spray drops that adhered to the leaf. When the sodium salt was applied to bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], the pattern of distribution was the same; however, each deposit was significantly smaller. The iso-octyl ester of MCPA coalesced into numerous, small, thick deposits on the cuticle of sugar beet leaves. The distribution of a wettable powder formulation of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino-s-triazine] appeared as uniform deposits over the anticlinal and periclinal cell walls that represented the location of aqueous spray drops after application. When a flowable formulation of atrazine was applied, there was a significant preferential accumulation of the herbicide at the edges of the separate deposits. One commercial formulation of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) yielded deposits that were crystalline, one that was partially crystalline, and one that was noncrystalline.
Herbage intake, methane emissions and animal performance of steers grazing dwarf elephant grass v. dwarf elephant grass and peanut pastures
- E. A. Andrade, E. X. Almeida, G. T. Raupp, M. F. Miguel, D. M. de Liz, P. C. F. Carvalho, C. Bayer, H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho
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Management strategies for increasing ruminant legume consumption and mitigating methane emissions from tropical livestock production systems require further study. The aim of this work was to evaluate the herbage intake, animal performance and enteric methane emissions of cattle grazing dwarf elephant grass (DEG) (Pennisetum purpureum cv. BRS Kurumi) alone or DEG with peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). The experimental treatments were the following: DEG pastures receiving nitrogen fertilization (150 kg N/ha as ammonium nitrate) and DEG intercropped with peanut plus an adjacent area of peanut that was accessible to grazing animals for 5 h/day (from 0700 to 1200 h). The animals grazing legume pastures showed greater average daily gain and herbage intake, and shorter morning and total grazing times. Daily methane emissions were greater from the animals grazing legume pastures, whereas methane emissions per unit of herbage intake did not differ between treatments. Allowing animals access to an exclusive area of legumes in a tropical grass-pasture-based system can improve animal performance without increasing methane production per kg of dry matter intake.
The Role of Rules in Representation: Group Membership and Electoral Incentives
- Brian F. Crisp, Betul Demirkaya, Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer, Courtney Millian
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Political Science / Volume 48 / Issue 1 / January 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2016, pp. 47-67
- Print publication:
- January 2018
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Existing research shows that the election of members of previously underrepresented groups can have significant consequences for policymaking. Yet, quotas, reserved seats, communal rolls, and race-conscious districting make it difficult to distinguish whether it is group membership, electoral incentives, or a combination of the two that matters. It is argued here that lawmakers who are members of underrepresented groups will stand out as defenders of their group’s interests only when electoral rules incentivize them to do so. This is demonstrated empirically using data from New Zealand, showing that Māori Members of Parliament systematically vary in the extent to which they represent their ethnic group as a function of the three different sets of rules under which they were elected.
Trypanosomatids are common and diverse parasites of Drosophila
- L. WILFERT, B. LONGDON, A. G. A. FERREIRA, F. BAYER, F. M. JIGGINS
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 138 / Issue 7 / June 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 April 2011, pp. 858-865
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Drosophila melanogaster is an important model system of immunity and parasite resistance, yet most studies use parasites that do not naturally infect this organism. We have studied trypanosomatids in natural populations to assess the prevalence and diversity of these gut parasites. We collected several species of Drosophila from Europe and surveyed them for trypanosomatids using conserved primers for two genes. We have used the conserved GAPDH sequence to construct a phylogenetic tree and the highly variable spliced leader RNA to assay genetic diversity. All 5 of the species that we examined were infected, and the average prevalence ranged from 1 to 6%. There are several different groups of trypanosomatids, related to other monoxenous Trypanosomatidae. These may represent new trypanosomatid species and were found in different species of European Drosophila from different geographical locations. The detection of a little studied natural pathogen in D. melanogaster and related species provides new opportunities for research into both the Drosophila immune response and the evolution of hosts and parasites.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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5 - X-ray polarimetry with the photon-counting pixel detector Timepix
- from Part I - Polarimetry techniques
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- By T. Michel, Ecap, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, J. Durst, Ecap, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, F. Bayer, Ecap, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, J. Jakubek, Ieap, Czech Technical University in Prague
- Edited by Ronaldo Bellazzini, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Rome, Enrico Costa, Giorgio Matt, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Gianpiero Tagliaferri
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- Book:
- X-ray Polarimetry
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 08 July 2010, pp 42-47
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Summary
We investigated the capability of the hybrid photon counting pixel detector Timepix to measure the degree of linear X-ray polarization between 27 and 84 keV. Due to its ability to measure energy deposition or the detection time in each pixel, both photoelectric effect and Compton scattering in the sensor can be exploited. The analyzing power exploiting photoelectric effect was found to be small compared to X-ray-sensitive CCDs due to the larger pixel pitch (55 μm) of the Timepix. We were able to measure a polarization asymmetry of (0.96±0.02)% between vertical and horizontal double-hit events in neighbouring pixels. The polarization asymmetry was measured with dependence on the energy deposition in the sensor. Asymmetries range between 0.2% at 29 keV and 3.4% at 78 keV. In order to exploit the polarization signature of Compton scattering in the sensor, the time-to-shutter mode of the Timepix was used. We measured a large modulation factor of about 68.1% in good agreement with simulations.
Introduction
It has already been demonstrated that X-ray-sensitive CCDs can be used to measure the degree of linear polarization of X-rays using the effect that photoelectrons are emitted with a nonisotropic angular distribution with respect to the orientation of the electric field vector of impinging photons. Up to the last year hybrid semiconductor pixel detectors like the Timepix-detector have never been used for X-ray polarimetry. The main reason for this is that the pixel pitch is large compared to CCDs which results in a much smaller analyzing power.
Candidate Gender and Electoral Success in Single Transferable Vote Systems
- Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer, Michael Malecki, Brian F. Crisp
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Political Science / Volume 40 / Issue 3 / July 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2010, pp. 693-709
- Print publication:
- July 2010
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Paternalistic Egalitarian - Linda Przbyszewski: The Republic According to John Marshall Harlan. (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Pp. xii, 207. $49.95. $19.95, Paper.)
- Thomas F. Bayer
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- Journal:
- The Review of Politics / Volume 62 / Issue 3 / Summer 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 August 2009, pp. 590-593
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Progress in inertial confinement fusion physics at Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton
- M. André, D. Babonneau, C. Bayer, M. Bernard, J-L. Bocher, J. Bruneau, A. Coudeville, J. Coutant, R. Dautray, A. Decoster, M. Decroisette, D. Desenne, J-M. Dufour, J-P. Garçonnet, P-A. Holstein, J-P. Jadaud, A. Jolas, D. Juraszek, J. Lachkar, P. Lascaux, J-P. Le Breton, M. Louis-Jacquet, B. Meyer, F. Mucchielli, C. Rousseaux, D. Schirmann, G. Schurtz, D. Véron, J-P. Watteau
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 12 / Issue 3 / September 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2009, pp. 329-342
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The laser program developed at the Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton, Saint-Georges, France (CEL-V) is concentrated on a systematic investigation of indirect drive fusion; by comparison with direct drive, this process is expected to provide the required irradiation uniformity with relaxed constraints on laser beam quality. The main concerns are radiative transfer and preheat, hydrodynamic instabilities, and high-density X-ray driven implosions. Ablative implosion experiments have been conducted with the two beams at the Phebus facility (5 kJ, 1.3 ns, 0.35 μm). Symmetry was proved to be controlled by the casing structure, following scaling laws describing hohlraum physics. A compressed DT density ∼100 ρ0 (ρ0 liquid DT density) has been deduced from activation measurements. Different aspects of the soft X-ray transfer processes, and particularly of the ablation of a low-Z material, which drives the capsule implosion, are dealt with in detailed investigations. Reported here are results on X-ray reemission and penetration in several materials, and on induced hydrodynamics of accelerated foils. The laser energy required to reach fuel ignition conditions has been evaluated from numerical simulations as well as from analytical models, taking into account hohlraum physics, capsule implosion, hot spot formation, and burn propagation. Several crucial parameters have been drawn, the most important being the radiation temperature. A target gain in the order of 10 appears achievable with a 2-MJ laser.
ICF-related experiments at CEL-V
- M. Andre, C. Bayer, D. Babonneau, M. Bernard, J. L. Bocher, J. Bruneau, A. Coudeville, J. Coutant, R. Dautray, A. Decoster, M. Decroisette, D. Desenne, B. Duborgel, J. M. Dufour, J. P. Jadaud, D. Juraszek, J. P. Garçonnet, P. A. Holstein, J. Lachkar, M. Louis-Jacquet, F. Mucchielli, B. Meyer, J. P. Lebreton, J. Ouvry, D. Schirmann, G. Schurtz, D. Véron, J. P. Watteau
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- Laser and Particle Beams / Volume 10 / Issue 4 / December 1992
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- 09 March 2009, pp. 557-571
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Implosion experiments performed at Centre d'Etudes de Limeil-Valenton in the indirect drive scheme using the two-beams Nd:glass laser facility Phebus at the energy level = 6 kJ (blue light) are presented. A final density of compressed DT close to 100 ρ0 has been obtained; it has been deduced from radiochemistry of the activated silicon atoms in the pusher. The best irradiance uniformity on the microballoon was evaluated to = 15% rms. Phebus has also been equipped with an optical fiber oscillator to study the effect of a smoothing technique on coupling processes: It appeared that at 0·53 μm absorption efficiency is increased by =15–20%. With the eight-beams Octal laser, hydrodynamic instabilities development in accelerated planar targets has been investigated both for direct and indirect drives; the mixing zone detected at the light-heavy interface does not present visible bubble-and-spike like structures and is less developed in the indirect configuration. Atomic physics in laser plasmas is also deeply studied; a particular effort has been made on absorption spectroscopy, a powerful diagnostic of ionization dynamics in cold and dense plasmas. Experiments have been realized either in multilayered targets or using rear-side X-ray emission of thin Au foils to heat the samples. To reach fuel ignition conditions, more powerful lasers, in the range of megajoule, will be needed. Their design needs further technological developments to reduce the capital cost in $/W. At Limeil, we work mainly on high-damage threshold optical coatings, using the sol-gel process, high-quality, low-cost mirror fabrication, using the replica technics, and incoherent laser pulse generation for beam smoothing.
The new integrated flat-steel production facility of HADEED (Saudi Arabia)
- F. Bayer, J. Strasser, H. Trenkler
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- Revue de Métallurgie – International Journal of Metallurgy / Volume 97 / Issue 11 / November 2000
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- 25 October 2002, pp. 1371-1389
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- November 2000
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A consortium led by VAI erected for HADEED (Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia) a new production facility for a wide range of flat rolled products, on a turnkey basis. This giant plant includes a steelshop, a continuous caster, a hot rolling mill, cold rolling facilities, as well as all necessary side installations. The project is characterized by a series of highly new technological solutions and a high degree of automation of the production process (process and quality control).